UK Market Entry Strategy for a Mobile Phone Operator

UK Market Entry Strategy for a Mobile Phone Operator The introduction of mobile telephone service in the United Kingdom was launched in 1985 (BBC News, 2005), however the beginnings of this technology can be traced to its use by the Swedish police in 1946 when they tested a radiophone (Free-Definition, 2005). In terms of modern technology, Bell Labs, a division of ATT, pioneered cellular technology in 1947 and exited the market in 1984 as the company believed the market would not develop to the point of being viable (Wharton School of Business, 2000). Interestingly, ATT ten years later would pay McCaw Cellular Communications $12.6 billion to acquire a cellular phone operator (USD) (Wharton School of Business, 2000). The words ‘mobile phone’ represents a term that encompasses cellular, satellite as well as any type of phone that provides mobility on a wide range scale (Free-Definition, 2005). It must be remembered that today’s cellular technology is based upon radio wave transmission that successively was pioneered by (epanorama, 2005): James Clark Maxwell in 1864 with his electromagnetic radiation theory called ‘Maxwell Equations’. Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 when he invented the telephone. Heinrich Hertz in 1887 with his discovery of ‘hertzian waves’ that are today called ‘radio waves’. Guglielmo Marconi in 1896 who conducted the first radio transmission. Radio frequencies predominated the mobile telephone industry through the 1960’s until the unavailability of these frequencies resulted in the development of cell-based networks to solve the frequency congestion problem in the 1970’s. And while the first modern mobile telephone call is created to Motorola on 3/04/1973 when Martin Cooper placed the first call on the streets of New York to Bell Labs. The first cellular phone network was actually developed in 1981 by ‘Nordisk Mobil Telefon’ (NMT) which was based on analog technology (Free-Definition, 2005). The preceding is acknowledged as the beginning of the cellular telephone industry and the subsequent boom that exceeded all expectations. The cellular industry in the United Kingdom is currently dominated by the following four major companies (BBC News, 2005): Vodafone Orange T-Mobile, and 02 In the face of the preceding, British consumers have been lodging complaints about overcharging, coverage areas and dropped calls which has prompted easyGroup’s Stelios Haji-Ioannou, (easyMobile, 2005), Fresh and Virgin Atlantic’s Sir Richard Branson, among others to announce that they are entering the fray to better serve consumers. This new round of developments in Britain’s cellular industry is an outgrowth of inquiries by the United Kingdom’s Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) that announced that British cellular phone companies four largest operators were overcharging callers by as much as 15% (McDonough, 2003). The preceding has opened the door for new and smaller companies to respond to consumer complaints and the corresponding marketing platform to gain a foothold through new services. The growth of cellular telephone communications in terms of technology, services, companies, handsets and market penetration has increased in the short period of 20 years to the point where 85% of all United Kingdom households have mobile phones (Mobile Operators Association, 2005) which translates into 9 out of every 10 British consumers using a mobile telephone (BBC News, 2005). The convenience offered by cellular services has seen consumers increase their utilization rates to the point where the total number of minutes consumers made on cellular calls almost doubled during the period 2000 to 2004, from 34 million minutes to 62 billion minutes (Mobile Operators Association, 2005). The most important development is that in 2004 the revenues of mobile voice and data companies at  £12.3 billion exceeded fixed-line revenues for the first time in U.K. history (Mobile Operators Association, 2005). The preceding information is important in understanding the far reaching impact, importan ce and inculcation of the mobile telephone in today’s lifestyles, both in personal as well as business use. However, this unprecedented growth is not without its problems. Sir Richard Branson the charismatic owner and founder of the Virgin Group has stated that the mobile phone industry in the United Kingdom is â€Å"†¦rip-off Britain at work again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pearse, 1999) and that â€Å"†¦ hardly anyone is getting a good deal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pearse, 1999). His statements have been supported by such events as: 2001 â€Å"Regulators launch unannounced inspections in price-fixing investigation† (Broersma, 2001) 2001 â€Å"Mobile phone companies slammed for targeting children† (Wearden, 2001) As well as customer service, insurance costs, coverage, dropped calls, highly monthly rates, high per minute rates, roaming charges, 12 month contracts and billing practices. The free for all at the top of the cellular food chain has created customer dissatisfaction with the ‘big four’ and they are seeking alternative solutions to what was once a novelty. And therein lies one of the biggest shifts in consumer viewpoints, and thus the industry as a whole. Once reserved for business individuals and upper income demographics, the cellular phone is no longer looked upon as a luxury or business item. Consumers see it as a necessity. Cellular telephone market penetration in the United Kingdom has reached the point where cellular phone ownership exceeds 100% of the country’s total population (cellular news, 2004). The industry’s biggest complaint is high per minute and monthly service charge rates. The per rate calling cost tariffs for ‘anytime minutes, mont hly call allotment and pay as you go plans’ differ widely, thus the plan programs tend to be misleading and costly. Table 1 – Monthly Calling rates in the United Kingdom * (Vodafone, 2005) ** (Orange, 2005) *** (One2One, 2005) **** (BT,2005) The above Table indicates the variance between companies for the same basic monthly plans and how longer term contracts result in lower monthly cost per call. The complexity arises when one attempts to calculate the calling time per minute within these plans and the variables attached. As a point of reference the following is a comparison of rate plans on a pay as you go basis: Table 2 – Pay As You Go in the United Kingdom * (Vodafone, 2005) ** (Orange, 2005) *** (One2One, 2005) **** (easymobile, 2005) The advantage of the ‘pay-as-you-go’ plans is that there is the lack of a contractual commitment for a monthly charge, thus depending upon which company you select the rates are slightly more per call. EasyMobile’s promise to slash rates seems to offer British consumers with a viable choice to the a 15p across the board rate that is the calling rate for the monthly plans. While the Virgin Mobile web site for the United Kingdom is not finished, information was obtained that indicates that the proposed ‘pay-as-you-go’ rates should wind up being 15p for the first 5 minutes of calls on a daily basis, and then rolling down to 5p thereafter for all calls made to standard United Kingdom locations as well as other Virgin phones. Calling other mobile networks will cost 35p (Wikipedia, 2005). In the instance of both the monthly plans and the Pay-As-You-Go plans, customers are required to purchase their phone at a cost ranging from  £50 on up. There are also the free phone offers that carry contract minimums of varied prices. The British mobile phone market is highly competitive as well as being a mature market. According to Porter’s (1998) generic strategies, firms fall into two broad categories: firms that utilize an advantage in cost, and firms that use differentiation as a means to establish a difference between themselves and their competitors. The mature and established nature of the British mobile phone market sees companies such as easyMobile, Virgin Mobile and Fresh committed to stealing market share from the big four, Vodafone, Orange, One2One and BT through the utilization of slashing costs to achieve gains in market share. The four major UK mobile phone companies also offer a broad array of services and phone types along with the varied plans to go with them. These services, such as video calling, Internet access, text messaging, along with phones that provide camera and streaming capabilities plus a host of features are designed to reap higher profit margins. The determining factor is price and the big four companies while cognizant of this aspect (price) are focusing on promoting the service and phone features as their major marketing push, along with the advantages of inter-service calling (same network). These services appeal to young adults, professionals and companies where the monthly costs or image fit their lifestyles. But, there are segments of the market where the costs of mobile phones has become a budgetary concern along with those whose credit does not qualify for monthly rates. These groups represent a sizeable share of the market and this is where the low cost providers are seeking to wrest market share away as well as take advantage of the tremendous growth potential in this segment of the market. Prepaid Market Segment The UK cellular phone market, much like those in other countries, has penetration limits in garnering consumers as there are segments of the population whose credit ratings did not and do not qualify them for the service contracts. This reality was recognized by cellular providers and the prepaid segment has been the number one driving force in the growth of the United Kingdom cellular market over the past 5 years. In 1998 Vodafone gained 300,000 new subscribers of which 127,000 joined using the Pay-As-You-Talk plan, or 42% (silicon, 2003). Similarly, Cellnet garnered 80,000 new customers for its Easylife pre-pay plan (silicon, 2003). And while the pay-as-you-go customer represents the least profitable base for cellular phone companies, their numbers and the marketing opportunities they represent in service trade up as well as increased usage makes them important as a group. The four major UK mobile phone providers have recently indicated their willingness to forgo utilizing low price leaders such as pay-as-you-go plans to attract new subscribers. The maturing of the cellular phone market has caused companies to look at profitability and to switch marketing emphasis on profitability per subscriber (BBC News, 2001). This was prompted by a study that showed a high percentage of pay-as-you-go customers were not regularly using their phones. The companies indicated that the marketing and sign up costs for this customer category was consuming a high budgetary percentage, thus the reason for the decreased emphasis (BBC News, 2001). The average prepaid customer brings in just one fourth of the revenue the monthly subscribers generate ((BBC News, 2001) thus the shift from attracting more prepaid customers to retention and upgrade as these customers are already a part of the marketing data base and the cost to increase revenues from this classification is far les s. The following will offer and analysis of the prepaid cellular segment: Age An Accenture survey conducted in 2002 found that fully 73% of children from 10 to 17 used mobile phones. It is interesting to note that the majority of these respondents believed that ‘gaming’ represented a major phone function with 91% describing the games as either poor or just average. Thus, age does represent a significant aspect as these children grow into teenagers and young adults. Cultivation of this market is deemed as being able to yield more benefits in terms of future subscribers familiar with cellular use and thus higher revenues per subscriber than the general prepaid profile. Other Not all prepaid customers are either young or in the upper age brackets. There are a number of valid potential future revenue generating customers within this segment who are either on current prepaid plans as well as those who have not yet taken on a mobile phone. In many instances a change of circumstances would represent a different usage pattern (analysis.com, 2002), : Budget Consumer This classification can take in many differing profiles. From those consumers who either see the mobile phone as a convenience, rather than as a daily phone tool, as well as consumers who just do not utilize the phone for personal or other calls. The budget conscious look to actively limit or manage their mobile phone usage to keep the cost of ownership in a defined pre-set budget range. Fixed Income Individuals on disability, unemployment or in retirement represent subscribers on limited incomes. In some instances, such as retired or some fixed income, the circumstances will not change. However, eliminating potential subscribers on the basis of theoretical potentials in such a highly competitive market could overlook the radiation power these people represent in terms of word of mouth possibilities. Low Income Individuals occupying the lower demographic profiles do not have the income to spend on either a mobile phone or excessive usage. The limitations of income keep this group in the low revenue classification. Changes in circumstances, the economy or other reasons could affect income and thus a change in usage patterns. Bargain Shoppers The demographics of this group spans basically all income classifications in varied percentages. They represent bargain shoppers who look for the best rates and their usage patterns can varying widely Limited Use The groups within this category can range from the average UK citizen in any demographic profile to individuals with multiple residences, or people who regularly travel between the United Kingdom and another country. The preceding summary illustrates that although the prepaid market has been classified by the major four mobile companies as a low revenue generator, there are significant revenue potentials within this group that can not be qualified, yet are there. Chapter 4 – Market Entry Strategies The preceding analysis of the British mobile phone market, along with a review of the four major companies within that field has uncovered the reasons as well as rationales for the existence of the huge pre-paid market within their subscriber base. And while the opportunities for further penetration of the market are limited, the opportunities within the mobile industry sector are definitely there. In addition to the continued entry into the market of teenagers coming of age, the existing cellular and non-cellular prepaid market offers definitive growth and profit opportunities for a firm that grasps the subtle nuances in the market and crafts approaches, pricing plans and marketing efforts to reap the rewards. In order to equate entry into this market, an examination of the management and related methodologies will precede the marketing campaign strategies. 2.1 Management and Strategic Methodologies Porter’s (1998) generic strategies indicates that firms fall into two categories, the ones that have an advantage in cost and the ones that use the principle of differentiation. Adherence to this understanding means that a firm will thereby recognize its strength and thus concentrate efforts to maximizing this effect. The opportunities in the prepaid cellular market’s lies in ‘cost leadership’ as the driving marketing foundation. David (2004) concurs with Porter’s (1998) assessment in advising companies to â€Å"’Establish Company Direction’ David (2004) indicates that this be accomplished through the development of a company vision, the setting of objectives to be achieved and attained. In addition he mentions crafting a strategy that seeks the opportunities inherent within a market and then devising consumer driven rationales to formulate a strategy to achieve these goals. Arnold’s (2003) â€Å"modes of Market Entry’ delves further into the theories raised by Porter (1998) and David (2004) and states that â€Å"The central managerial trade-off between the alternative modes of market entry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  winds up being â€Å"†¦risk and control†. He goes on to add that when one minimizes risk that company is seeking a â€Å"†¦ low intensity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  David (2004) mode of entry. This means that the company will select the safer courses of action which also do not require the depth of commitment by management to map out the detailed corresponding course of action to maximum success. The deeper a company delves into the nuances of the market and competitive approaches, the more skills on the part of the company are required to be worked into the system to handle these demands. These are the places or segments that the major firms are either ignoring, divesting themselves of or have deemed unprofitable. In reality these are the segments of the market that require more attention to detail and closer monitoring to exact opportunities as they present themselves, or via cultivation whereby the consumer is reached with compelling reasons to increase their expenditure. As illustrated by the varied classifications of prepaid subscribers as well as non-subscribers the opportunities exist to wrest profits in the exercise of Wal-Mart like efficient operations and economy of scale modes. Wal-Mart’s retailing example paved the way for a low cost market position to be the road to high market share and thus the resulting economies of scale. By minimizing costs a firm can generate profits from a low margin via operations and systems that cater to and serve consumer needs. The preceding is at the core of David’s (2004) market entry concepts. A firm must equate the degree of risk, and competence it brings to a particular market opportunity in recognition of the capabilities and resourc es of competitive firms, and thus craft a strategy that takes advantage of nuances as well as quarks within the market that have either been missed or deemed unprofitable. Johnson et al (2001) indicates that putting the firm’s strategy into action requires a company to organize itself for success. Exactly the points made by David’s (2004) market entry topics. Every industry leader has devised systems, administrative functions and overall operations to be sensitive to all developments, consumer trends, market opportunities and unexploited areas to dominate their industry group. Microsoft, Mercedes Benz, Wal-Mart, Dyson and others have done this, paid attention to the smallest of details and then exploited them in the marketplace. Marketing Campaign Strategies Given the cellular phone penetration rate in the United Kingdom, whereby 9 out of 10 people use the services of a mobile phone (BBC News, 2005), a wholesale attack on the market taking on established as well as known companies represents a frontal attack on fortified ground. A glorious charge, but prone to the cost of either failure or dismal results. Well-entrenched competitors also have ground to defend within their fiefdoms and attrition can occur by seeking out the disenfranchised as well as defectors and cast offs. The major four mobile companies have indicated their focus on profitable subscriber segments thus devoting fewer resources to the attraction of prepaid subscribers. This opens the door to cultivate new market entrants from the teenage classification as they mature each year, as well as the: Budget Consumer Fixed Income Low Income Bargain Shoppers Limited Use, segments which represent low profit generation groups, but in meaningful enough numbers whereby economies of scale can be employed. This so called ‘discount’ side of the market is not without its difficulties in that lower margin generating subscribers still expect first class service. And this all has to be accomplished using rates that compete with and beat those of easyMobile, Virgin Mobile and other firms concentrating on the prepaid market segment as a means to either growth or opportunity. Market Entry Strategies With the internal administrative functions and systems in place, or planned the company can execute is strategies for market entry. The following maps out the steps in sequencing of accomplishment of the foregoing: Planning Internal Implementation External Linkages Marketing Strategies Service The applications and areas of concentration with respect to the preceding, are as follows: Planning Arnold (2003) , Johnson et al (2001) and David (2004) all illustrated the importance of focusing on the goals and objectives and then planning out the steps leading to market entry. This entails management examining, questioning and devising systems and functions that will be needed to respond to the demands of the business being taken on. In the case of the entry into the British mobile market the state of market maturity and saturation along with established operators in a cost competitive market, the only viable market segments open are the marginal profit base profiles. The major mobile companies did not plan for or implement their operations to handle this type of business from the onset, thus their operational models are not profitable at that end. The utilization as well as concentration on subscriber profitability through new and added services as well as more features in handsets represents their commitment to trade up marketing for growth in a saturated market. As a result the lower profitability subscribers are offered basic services at a higher rate. Through planning to wrest profits from this group via a Wal-Mart type of approach from the onset, builds an organization to fit the marketing realities. Internal Implementation Once the planning concerning systems and functions has been completed and tested it needs to be implemented internally as a working environment. Incentives based upon identifying and lowering internal operational costs while maintaining high service levels are management tools to solicit the cooperation and commitment of managers and employees. External Linkages Outside services and equipment needs such as network costs need to be put in place. The most important aspect of this segment are utilization contracts where when certain numbers are achieved, costs are reduced. This provides built in profit incentives that management as well as the organization must set as goals, thus driving growth. Marketing Strategies Low cost market leader! Porter’s (1998) generic strategies identified this as a prime component along with differentiation. This is the opportunity that exists in the prepaid segment of the UK market which stands in excess of 50% of all subscribers. This market segment has driven subscription rates over the past five years and will continue to do so as consumers modify their cellular phone costs as well as enter the market from non-user categories such as teenagers. While the profitability quotient is lower there are rewards that exist after establishment of quality service at these rates. Much of what consumer seek entails the level of quality received per monetary outlay. As the retail price of computer hardware spiraled downward, Dell managed to garner huge market share through cost cutting direct delivery systems that enabled them to reduce stocking and return costs as well as implement higher levels of just in time delivery to reduce internal operating costs. This low pri ce quality service and product approach became the operative model for an industry faced with saturation, lower retail costs and internal margins. The comparative costs in the prepaid market indicate that the average industry rate hovers in the 15p range. Table 2 – Pay As You Go in the United Kingdom Company Rate Phone Answer Minimum Charge Landlines Other Networks Vodafone* 10p 10p 30p 35p to 40p Orange** 10p 5p 20p 40p One2One*** Offers Flat Rate Based on Calling Card Up to  £10

White Settlement

â€Å"What was the impact on White Settlement on Indigenous life between 1788- 1861? Describe the meeting of two cultures that we see in Bennelong and William Buckley. † 1. Early years in Sydney- Arthur Phillip and Bennelong In 1788, led by Captain Arthur Phillip (Australia’s first governor), the Europeans had arrived in Australia with the first fleet. They saw no sign of life and had no idea that the Indigenous people had been living in Australia for thousands even tens of thousands of years. But the Indigenous people were very aware that they had come and were deeply fascinated by them. At first they thought they were ghosts or evil spirits but they soon realized that these white-skinned and strangely-dressed people were planning to stay, and that they were. These â€Å"white-skinned’ people were in fact convicts who was shipped to do hard laborious work for their committed crime. Life before Europeans had settled in Australia was a very different place. There was either clear land and/or lots of bush. There were no boats, building or roads, in fact the Indigenous people probably had no idea there was such thing. This was probably why Arthur Phillip presumed the land could be theirs because no-one held sovereign right. But the Indigenous people were living there. The Indigenous people lived happily and peacefully with guidance from their elders who knew local dream time stories and customs. They comfortable living together, helping and sharing with one another and stayed alive by eating animals and berries from the bush. They didn’t need fancy clothes, building or roads unlike the Europeans to live a good life. On the 25 November 1789, Captain Arthur Phillip, captured elder Bennelong and used him as a way to learn about the language and customs of the indigenous people. Bennelong willingly liaised between the cultures, and adopted European dress and other ways. 2. Victoria- Buckley and batman After convict William Buckley’s escape from the Victorian settlement he was discovered by the Wathaurang people who thought this pale, 198cm giant carrying a spear was the ghost of one of their leaders. Buckley had arrived at Port Phillip Bay from England in 1803 with about 300 soldiers, settlers and convicts after being sentenced to transportation for life. Before the European settlement was abandoned, Buckley escaped. He wandered alone for weeks before he was befriended by the Wathaurang people. Over the next 32 years Buckley lived with the Wathaurang, learnt their language and customs, married and had a daughter. In 1835 he finally emerged to meet Batman’s colonising party and tried to work as an intermediary between settlers and aborigines, but felt he wasn’t trusted by either. 3. Overview of their decline and dispossession of land Victoria was originally the home to many Indigenous tribes that had been living there for a long period of time. Although when the Europeans settled in Australia Batman planned to negotiate his way into ‘buying’ the land of the Indigenous people. Once Batman arrived in Victoria he approached the local Indigenous leaders with a contract, to ‘buy' their land. His negotiations were successful, and he walked away with 240,000 hectares of prime farming terrain – almost all of the Kulin nation’s ancestral land even though they were technically not eligible to sell the land as it wasn’t really their land. However the transaction went ahead, and it was agreed that batman was to on a annual basis, give them 40 blankets, 30 axes, 100 knives, 50 scissors, 30 mirrors, 200 handkerchiefs, 100 pounds of flour and 6 shirts in exchange for the land. Because of this transaction between the Indigenous People and Batman the majority of Victoria’s population is, as the Indigenous people originally called us, â€Å"white-skinned†.

A Chain Integrity Issue - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1163 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? In the age of technological advancements and global trade liberalization even the most sophisticated supply chains face various issues associated with integrity of goods, trust, tracking, and information security (Wang). Despite many improvements and revolutionary breakthroughs that made supply chain more efficient and resilient, the real-time information was not always readily available due to the lag between participants (Wang). It wasnt until the introduction of blockchain technology that companies finally found a way to increase the speed of data transfer, make it more accurate and secure. While blockchain significantly improves and simplifies supply chain management, the technology itself is quite complex and sophisticated. Blockchain consists of many information blocks and is a distributed public ledger containing all the transactions ever executed (Wang). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Chain Integrity Issue" essay for you Create order Every new block is added in a chronological order and is linked to the previous one with a unique hash value computed by a mathematical relationship called the trapdoor function (Wang). The data stored in Internet nodes is permanent and visible to all the users of the network. Nodes, in contrast, are anonymous and only linked to a couple of other nodes (Wang). Each node automatically downloads an entire version of the blockchain after joining the network, therefore, the copies of the existing authentic ledger are distributed among all participants in a supply chain (Wang). Since each operation is signed digitally to guarantee its authenticity, the ledger itself and its existing transactions are highly reliable (Wang). Moreover, any new data must be verified by the digital signature algorithm to ensure its integrity and matched against the set of transactions before it could be permanently added to the chain (Wang). There is a strong belief that blockchain technology could revolutionize the management of the supply chain. Numerous specialists claim that blockchain could become a leading global supply-chain operating system due to its advantages and extensive range of applications: shorter transaction process with greater security, integrity, and validity, greater transparency, innovation, and real-time transaction processing (Wang). In particular, the blockchain provides a unique opportunity for companies to record where the product originated as well as track its movement throughout the supply chain up until the final delivery to the customer. Scalability is another advantage of the blockchain technology. It enables storage of the information on the Internet nodes rather than on a central server (Wang). This forms a large database that can be accessed by any number of people at any time (Wang). For instance, it could be applicable in health care where digital patient records could be accessed by authorized people including doctors and insurance company agents. Furthermore, blockchain technology provides a potential to decrease the number of cyber-attacks (Wang). Since permanent ledger not only tracks every transaction but also requires significant effort and high cost to alter the transaction history, many cyber criminals would be more reluctant to attack the network (Wang). Finally, the real-time transactions that are possible with blockchain technology can increase efficiency and eliminate inconsistencies within the supply chain. The information remains consistent throughout the supply-chain network as all network participants receive access to the original source (Wang). Like any other emerging technology, adoption of blockchain does not come without its challenges. For instance, many businesses currently do not have sufficient capability in terms of computer power and network speed to accommodate transaction validation speed of 450 thousand trillion solutions per second (Deloitte). The combined electric consumption of blockchain computers is estimated to be sufficient to provide power to 135,000 American families (Ferenzy). Furthermore, while strong encryption and more secure types of this technology exist (private or permissioned blockchains), hacking remains a great threat due to open sharing of data between the users of the system (Deloitte). If the network security becomes compromised at even one node, the entire network and data stored can be jeopardized. Moreover, although blockchain technology helps cut transaction costs drastically its initial setup requires significant capital which is a major challenge for many small and medium-sized businesses. In addition, the transition to this new technology would require replacement or redesign of the existing operating systems that would add to the cost. Scalability of the blockchain technology also comes into question. While initial testing confirms its scalability different applications will encounter different issues as the number of transactions and data volume increase (Deloitte). Cost associated with data storage is a major obstacle to its scalability as the individual blocks are increasing in size. Lastly, its wide adoption is obstructed by many federal regulations governing financial institutions and other industries (Iskowitz). Regulations do not keep up with the latest innovations and technological breakthroughs which significantly impedes widespread adoption of the blockchain technology (Iskowitz). Despite possible disadvantages blockchain technology could revolutionize supply chain management by making transactions more transparent, preserving product value and integrity throughout production and delivery service, allowing real-time data transmission between participants in the supply chain, and eliminating information asymmetry (Wang). Furthermore, there are many potential applications of this technology across multiple industries such as banking, entertainment, energy, and automotive. For instance, consumers would be able to authenticate purchases electronically instead of having to physically visit a dealership (Casey). The middle man and the salesperson could be eliminated, giving the financial institution direct contact with the consumer (Casey). A transaction could be approved in minutes with reduced costs and efficient results. Blockchain technology has a potential to not only improve supply chain management but also unlock limitless possibilities for entrepreneurs to innovate new uses and applications. However, before it can be used on a global scale, some of the improvements should be made to overcome its weaknesses. Specifically, due to high threat of hacking, cyber security concerns would have to be addressed before any personal or financial information of the public could be widely processed by the blockchain. In addition, new standards must be introduced regarding proper access of the network as well as authentication and authorization protocols. Besides relaxing the existing laws, new regulations must be developed to establish some guidelines for financial reporting and auditing of the distributed ledger transactions as well as information-sharing to protect companies and the privacy of their customers. Various laws must be introduced to mitigate risks associated with widespread adoption of blockchain technology such as money laundering, terrorist funding, and fraud. Cost of building blockchain infrastructure should be slightly reduced so that various companies can invest in this technology as potential cost savings are significant and can be passed down to the consumers. For instance, as energy management has been historically a highly centralized industry, blockchain could possibly offer a low-cost, reliable way for transactions to be validated and recorded across a network without a central authority. Energy could be traded between nodes of the blockchain at a minimal cost. Finally, blockchain technology implementation needs to move beyond supply chain. One possible new application is to increase transparency of the electoral voting system. The use of blockchain technology could serve as a medium for casting, tracking, and counting votes to reduce the question of voter-fraud or lost records.

Bullying Definition, Risk Factors, And Impacts - 1314 Words

Bullying in Schools: Definition, Risk Factors, Impacts Theresa Marie Fox EDST 1002 Spring 2015 Bullying in Schools: Definition, Risk Factors, Impacts Over the past few decades, bullying has become a highly significant issue in schools across the globe. In the United States alone, it is estimated that approximately one in three children are victims of bullying (Smokowski Kopasz, 2005). Although bullying affects nearly 70 percent of all students, it is usually â€Å"overlooked, ignored, and/or minimized† (Canter, 2005). By examining the definition of bullying, risk factors of being a victim and bully, and the impacts of bullying, schools can become more aware of their students’ overall wellbeing through identifying, preventing, and reducing bullying. Definition It is important to identify bullying to keep students safe; therefore one must know what bullying constitutes. Due to the cultural context and varying perspectives across the world, understanding of what bullying exactly composes of can be difficult. According to Olweus, bullying occurs when â€Å"a student†¦is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other students and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself(Olweus, 1996, p. 265). The act of bullying can be categorized by how the bully strategizes the attack on his or her victim. The four main types of bullying include: physical, verbal, relational, and cyber (Wang et al., 2009).Show MoreRelatedBullying Is A Victim Of Bullying Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesBullying has been a major issue for years and in recent years, it has been getting progressively worse. According to StopBullying.gov, between 1 in 3 students in the US state have been a victim of bullying. I am current ly interested in this topic because many of my clients are currently going through this. 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Since its first study in the UK, following studies agree on the fact that workplace bullying has become a hazard affectingRead MoreAnalysis Of News And Social Media Effects On Society And Individuals Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesmass media Mass media, as stated by dictionary.com is â€Å"the means of communication that reach large number of people in a short time, such as television, newspapers, magazines, and radio† (Mass Media, n.d.). While the term mass media is brief in definition, the term is far more extensive than one could imagine. â€Å"First there was the telegraph and the post offices, then the radio, the newspaper, magazines, television, and now the internet and the new media including palmtops, cell phones etc† (MaghalRead MoreTorts Laws Offer Compensation Individuals Harmed By The Unreasonable Actions Of Others1311 Words   |  6 Pagesnegligence. Recently, several cases have occurred whereby negligence and bullying are interconnected with students suing their schools for failing to enforce anti-bullying policies and causing injury to their well being. A current case includes Maya Williams suing her former high school for negligence in regards to the enforcement of their anti-bullying pol icy. By looking into a precedent case, elements of negligence, and how bullying affects a student, we will be able to determine the probably outcomeRead MoreBullying And The Victim And Understanding The Issues Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages Bullying how to Protect the Victim and Understanding the Issues Rikkie Oree Johnson Way PSYC3520 Intro to Social Psychology Unit 9 Assignment 1 Capella University December ,2016 Stopping Victimology while Educating Others When interacting in a group environment what makes some individuals more prone to bullying behavior and others more likely to be the victim? These terms and actions once defined and understood can be itemized to break down the cycle of bullying. Understanding

Effects of Child Abuse on Juvenile Delinquency - 4283 Words

The Effects of Child Abuse on Juvenile Delinquency Tyshenia Gavin Virginia State University Dr. Hodgson Abstract This literature review explores existing literature and scholarship that outlines the effects of early child abuse (2-8 years old) on future acts of delinquency. Literature suggests that a correlation exists between the effects of child abuse and delinquency. Common problematic behaviors are socialization changes and learning abilities from early childhood to adolescence. Studies indicated correlations along with social theories such as the Social Control Theory which is dominant in explaining the relevance of these correlations. Researchers have developed programs such as early†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Being abuses or neglected as a child increased the likelihood of arrest as a juvenile by 53 percent, as adult by 38 percent, and for a violent criminal by 48 percent† (Widom, 1992). Many children become familiar with the Juvenile Justice System without knowledge of why they continue to commit crimes. Many of them suffered years of being abuses, which caused socialization changes that pushed them to withdraw or act out. This research is important because it shows the long terms effects child abuse has on children that become juvenile delinquents. Statistics show increasing numbers of children who are the victims of child abuse and neglect, although they decrease in delinquency may reflect a greater nation focus on the issue and the use of more effective programs to attack the problem. This research is important to me because the Criminal Justice System doesn’t address the causes of deviant behavior in juvenile delinquents to its full potential. They rather just focus on policing and tough sanctions. Hopefully with this paper and many others child abuse can be prevented along with the long-term effects of child abuse and better programs can be invented to treat child abuse victims. The Office of Justice Programs came up with a â€Å"Safe Kids Safe Streets† Program, which acknowledge the correlation between child abuse and j uvenile delinquency and is aimed at breaking the cycle of early childhood victimization and later delinquency (SafeShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse And Neglect Cause Juvenile Delinquency1156 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse and Neglect cause Juvenile Delinquency Strain theory describes the idea that there are certain events and conditions in an individual’s life that are disliked and involve the inability to achieve goals, loss of positively valued stimuli, and presentation of negative stimuli (Brezina and Agnew). Child neglect and abuse can be described by this theory, and often is, because of its elements and the effect it has on children. Before the idea of child abuse and neglect causing juvenile delinquencyRead MoreBreaking Down the Walls of Delinquency1685 Words   |  7 PagesSometimes a researcher has to get to what he or she thinks is the root of the problem to figure out what spawns a certain issue. What provokes a child to become delinquent and what makes the child gravitate so easily towards this lifestyle? It is necessary to explore how family life influences juvenile delinquency. Juveniles are more likely to become juvenile delinquents if there is little structure provided for them in their families. Children who ar e rejected by their parents, who grow up in homesRead MoreChild Maltreatment : A Historical Perspective1574 Words   |  7 PagesChild Maltreatment Historical Perspective From a historical perspective, child maltreatment has varied in form depending the time and place and the standing of which children hold within family and society. Child maltreatment as defined by the, includes physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, in addition to neglect (National Institution, 2011). Early childhood experiences create the basis for expression of intelligence, emotions, and personality (National Institution, 2011). When these experiencesRead MoreThe Effects Of Delinquency On Children s Life1657 Words   |  7 Pagescommit more crimes than adults, and that if we can reduce the amount of delinquency that occurs in the United States, then we will also reduce the amount of crime. To understand how to prevent delinquency, we must first understand what causes it. Delinquency can be caused by a number of factors involving the child s family, socialization, economic background and drug use. Of course, the earliest contributor to delinquency in a child s life is the famil y. (1) Early family dysfunction can lead toRead MoreThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On The Criminal Justice System1691 Words   |  7 Pagesthat crime is being exposed and done by minors. Juvenile delinquency has impacted the criminal justice system in various ways. It has grown over the past years and many do not know how it evolved. For once, family structure can affect juvenile delinquency in numerous of ways. The independent variable is family structure and the dependent variable is juvenile delinquency. Home environment does indeed play a role in the production of juvenile delinquency. Kierkus and Hewitt (2009) in The ContextualRead MoreFamily Structure And Juvenile Delinquency1671 Words   |  7 Pagescrime is mostly known as juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency is defined as young adults, people under eighteen, braking or violating the law (Websters). Family structure can affect juvenile delinquency in numerous ways. Family structure can include family support system, home environment, and family unity. The independent variable is family structure and the dependent variable is juvenile delinquency. Home environment plays a role in the production of juvenile delinquency. Kierkus and HewittRead MoreWhy Marijuana Is The Common Juvenile Crime Performed By The Youth1525 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization, the misuse of marijuana is the common juvenile crime performed by the youth. Marijuana abuse was ranked to be #6 in their list. Teens are being involved to marijuana use for diverse reasons and this includes poor supervision and communication of parents, family problems, lack of self- discipline, lack of discipline from parents or guardians, and family history of marijuana or drug abuse. Other risk factors would be physical and sexual abuse, emotional problems, curiosity, and peer pressureRead MoreFamily Structure And Juvenile Delinquency1626 Words   |  7 Pagesof crimes committed by minors. Family structure can affect juvenile delinquency in numerous ways. The independent variable is family structure and the dependent variable is juvenile delinquency. Home environment plays a role in the production of juvenile delinquency. Kierkus and Hewitt (2009) in The Contextual Nature of the Family Structure/Delinquency relationship discussed how family structure is an important factor in delinquency but there might also be other factors that influence this typeRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On The Criminal Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDespite all of the efforts put fourth in attempting to better educate and stop drug use in America studies show that drug use by juveniles has substantially increased within recent years. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) juveniles as young as eighth grade are using drugs such as marijuana on a daily basis. Unfortunately, most of these juveniles have also experimented with alcohol at this age as a gateway drug to start using marijuana and so forth. (NIDA) There are many aspectsRead MoreInvestigating The Risk Factors Among Youth Within The Criminal Justice System826 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Risk Factors Among Youth Within the Juvenile Justice S ystem: Can We Predict if a Child Will End Up in the Criminal Justice System? Clare Fenty Alfred University Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Problem Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 CHAPTER 2 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Theories on Juvenile Delinquency †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 Individual Risk Factors

Movie Review Free Essays

There were rules to be followed, and a person should not act differently from others. But in the end, everything changed when Sam and Suez finally decided to run away and lives on their own. After the upbringing, the whole community started to find the love, between Sam and Suez, harmful. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now It caused the disruption within the stagnant plot of the story, in a way that they were different from what was usually considered correct by the norm. This disruption elevated the twists and turns of the events within the movie. Also because of this, the members of the community started to suffer, and started to find a solution on how to solve this disruption within the community. From living normal, he members of the community started to form this consciousness to each other that resulted to their own involvement in the love between Sam and Suez. However, this did not mean that the community itself as a whole started to form a unity instantly; it was only a step-by-step process that eventually led to the involvement and solidarity of the characters. The community as a whole created the status of each of the characters. It Implemented rules and regulations; from what Is right, to what Is wrong. These biases made by the society led to the corruption of each character that resulted in heir fixed role in the community. For example, the Khaki Scout Trainer was a Math Teacher but because of the community where he was in, he was forced to become a Trainer. Generally, by these biases made by the Community, the members within it started to view everything as normal, and began to be unconscious to others. In the division of the community. This showed that the bias led by the community as a whole produced a bias to an individual, and caused dissever of its member. When the community started to act, due to the subject of love between Sam and Suez, each character started to be involved. From Cam’s side of the story, his foster parents started to ignore their own responsibilities to him, unlike the Khaki Scout Trainer and the Island Police Officer, who were treating him as a family. And from Guy’s side of the story, her parents started to pay attention to her maturity due to her issues of rampaging, and being introvert from the rest of her schoolmates. These transformations made by each character showed the manifestation of the romantic convolutions of the two young characters. But as a whole community, this love between the two at first was not accepted because of their age. In the end, due to the early maturity of the young lovers little-by-little the community started to acknowledge their love, thus showed the transformation of the community from being stagnant to a community whose members were involved and united. In addition, the involvement of each character to the love between Sam and Suez, made the portrayal of each scene focused from the island’s community to each individual that involved themselves within the issue. The portrayal of each scene from the start of the movie was all about the community and the island itself. It focused on the stagnant community that deals tit their own problems. The people in New Penance had been following the rules and biases done by the community itself. It showed that the portrayal of the scene is on a slide manner that depicted one scene then shift to the other. It also described New Penance by showing the place, and by using a Journalist to give information. The way the Journalist’s report, at the start of the movie, is on a fixed manner. The journalist gave information, but the way his report portrayed was that his background was fixed and instantaneously shifting from one idea to the other. This showed that the movie at the start was in a state of stationary ideas that had been made by the community that had been adapted by its members. After the upbringing of the love between Sam and Suez, there was a sudden changed in how the scene had been portrayed. First, it focused more on the two- young lovers. The portrayal of each scene about the lovers transformed the scene from being stationary to being alive. There was a beginning of a conversation and showing of each other’s actions. Second, it also focused on the involvement of each character. By the time the upbringing happened; the community started to act, and by this action, the scene portrayal started to show the strengths and weaknesses of each character in the story. Lastly, it also dealt with the recovery of the way how it was presented at the start. At the end of the movie, on how the scene that had been being portrayed was the same on how the scene had been portrayed at the beginning. This showed that even though there was a transformation within the community as a whole, the depicting of the scene started and ended with the same portrayal. How to cite Movie Review, Papers

The Lost Tribes Essay Example For Students

The Lost Tribes Essay Following the death of Solomon in c. 937 B.C. his crown passed to his son, Rehoboam. Due to Rehoboams rather tyranical rule revolution broke out against the House of David and the Kingdom of Palestine split in two. Of the twelve tribes of Israelites which Moses had led out of Eygpt, ten joined in the revolt while two remained loyal to Rehoboam. These loyalist, comprised of the tribes of Benjamin and Judah formed the southern Kingdom of Judah with its capital at Jerusalem. In the north, a new kingdom was formed, Israel, with its capital at Samaria. The tribes of Reuben, Gad, Zebulon, Simeon, Dan, Ascher, Ephraim, Manasseh, Naphtali, and Issacher comprised the Kingdom of Israel. For 200 years Israel and Judah waged war against each another until 734 B.C., when the Assyrian King Tiglath-pileser III attacked the Kingdom of Israel and carried of hundreds of thousands of Samarians into capitivity. His sucessors, Shalmaneser V and Sargon II, continued on to complete the conquest of Israel. In 722 B.C. the city of Samaria fell to the Assyrians and the last of the members of the ten tribes were carried away into captivity. (II Kings 17:6).